Author(s): Lucy Marendi and George Ogendi

Abstract: This study examined the primary climate-induced stressors influencing household water access and availability in Kisii and Nyamira Counties, Kenya. Although these highland regions have traditionally been regarded as water-abundant, shifting climatic conditions have increasingly disrupted domestic water supply systems, leading to shortages of domestic water. The research focused on identifying and quantifying the effects of rainfall variability, prolonged droughts, floods, heatwaves, and cold seasons on household water security. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative household surveys (n = 393), key informant interviews, and secondary climate data analysis. The findings revealed that 92% of households reported noticeable fluctuations in rainfall patterns, confirming rainfall variability as the most dominant stressor, while 87% experienced prolonged droughts that severely reduced water availability. Approximately 62% of households reported flood-related disruptions to water infrastructure and quality, and 54% noted that extreme heat accelerated water loss through evaporation. In addition, 43% cited that extended cold seasons affected regular water flow and access. Statistical analyses showed a strong positive correlation between rainfall variability and domestic water scarcity (Spearman’s r = 0.742, p<0.01), while Chi-square results (?² = 16.7, p = 0.031) indicated significant spatial variation, Kisii County being more flood-prone and Nyamira more drought-affected. The study concludes that climate variability has intensified household water stress and heightened community vulnerability, particularly among low-income and rural populations. It recommends strengthening climate monitoring and early warning systems, investing in decentralized water storage and distribution infrastructure, and promoting community-based adaptation mechanisms to enhance resilience and ensure sustainable access to water resources within Kenya’s highland ecosystems.

DOI: 10.22271/fish.2025.v13.i6a.3175

Pages: 24-35  |  215 Views  128 Downloads

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