The Marathwada region of Maharashtra, characterized by a semi-arid climate and chronic water scarcity, poses significant limitations for traditional aquaculture practices. In response to these constraints, Biofloc Technology (BFT) emerges as a viable, water-efficient, and sustainable alternative. This paper explores the scope, challenges, and future potential of BFT in the context of Marathwada’s unique agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions. Through a combination of literature review, field observations, and a pilot case study involving small-scale farmers in Aurangabad and Latur districts, the study assesses the feasibility and impact of adopting BFT systems.

Findings reveal that while BFT offers promising benefits—such as reduced water usage, improved feed efficiency, and enhanced rural employment—it also faces barriers like high initial costs, limited technical knowledge, and weak market linkages. However, with targeted training, government subsidy schemes (e.g., PMMSY), and renewable energy integration, these challenges can be effectively mitigated. The study concludes by recommending policy support, capacity-building initiatives, and collaborative research to scale BFT adoption across the region, positioning it as a transformative approach for climate-resilient and inclusive aquaculture development in Marathwada.