Since gaining independence, India's fisheries industry has consistently expanded, with fish production escalating from 5.65 million tonnes in 2000-01 to 17.55 million tonnes in 2022-23. The inland fisheries sector has emerged as a predominant contributor, increasing its share from 36% in 1980-81 to 75% in 2022-23. This transformation is largely attributed to the Blue Revolution, which has emphasized sustainable aquaculture and supportive policy frameworks.

The economic significance of aquaculture extends beyond domestic consumption. India’s seafood exports reached ₹60,523.89 crore (approximately $7.38 billion) in FY24, highlighting the country's growing presence in the international seafood market. The industry accounts for roughly 1% of India's GDP and over 5% of agricultural GDP, underscoring its role in national economic expansion. Aquaculture also provides livelihoods for more than 50 million individuals across various segments of the value chain, from fishing communities to processing and export sectors. The growth of this industry has generated new employment opportunities, particularly in rural areas, where fisheries serve as a critical source of income. Government allocations, such as the ₹2,703.67 crore earmarked for fisheries in 2025, aim to enhance employment prospects and further develop this sector.

However, the aquaculture sector faces several challenges, including concerns related to quality control, marketing inefficiencies, and environmental sustainability. Addressing these challenges through policy reforms, technological innovation, and sustainable practices is essential for maximizing its impact on India's GDP. With sustained investment and strategic planning, aquaculture is well-positioned to reinforce India’s economic framework, ensuring long-term growth, job creation, and food security.

This review paper will thoroughly examine the multifaceted role of aquaculture in the Indian economy. The study will analyze its economic contributions and their implications for local and national economies, as well as trace its social impact, particularly regarding the influence on the livelihoods of individuals engaged in the industry.