Author(s): Ambika Binesh and Kaliyamurthi Venkatachalam

Abstract: Cytokines are family of low molecular weight proteins that coordinate the whole body's immune response. Cytokines are important immune system regulators and finding these genes in fish has potential applications for the development of aquaculture vaccines and/or immunostimulants. Many CC family cytokines which includes a number of ILs, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 play vital roles in mammalian adaptive immunity have been identified in teleost fish. The expression of cytokine gene in fish organs can be regulated by Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), Toll like receptors (TLRs), bacterial subcellular components, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and probiotic cellular components. This review will focus on the role of the main cytokine and cell signalling molecules, and how cytokine network regulates the inflammatory cells (Neutrophil, Dendritic cells and Macrophage) in fish.

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