Author(s): Viola H Zaki, Nevien K Abdelkhalek, Medhat S Shakweer

Abstract: To investigate the relation between bad environmental conditions especially heavy metals contamination in water used for rearing Indian white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) and the enhancement of certain bacterial attack causing heavy mortalities throughout the period from March 2014 to January 2015, about 200 pieces of shrimp tissue samples were collected during grow out stages with the average body weight range from (4.7±1.2 to 22.2±5.2). The clinical, bacteriological, and immunological examinations and the histopathological changes in the intestine of the infected shrimp samples were recorded. Physico-chemical analysis of water samples, in addition to heavy metals concentration in water as well as shrimp tissue associated with such diseases conditions was also documented. Results revealed that Vibrio species especially V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. ordalii, V. harveyi and V. viscosus were the most prevalent species with (82.17%) among all bacterial isolates, followed by equal percent of Salmonella species, Flavobacterium species, Shigella species (3.96%), and Staphylococcus aureus recorded the lowest bacterial isolate with (1.98%). Histopathological examination on the intestinal epithelium of the infected shrimp revealed marked degeneration, vacuolation and mild atrophy of epithelium lining the intestine. Measurement of immune parameters revealed that phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and phagocytic activity were lowered in diseased shrimp when compared to the apparently healthy shrimp. The sensitivity test applied to detect the effective antibiotic treatment to the different bacterial isolates revealed that the ciprofloxacin is the most effective antibiotic.

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